Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-mediated changes in metabolic activity (MTT assay) of normal human fibroblasts (BJ). Metabolic activity at standard growth conditions (control, a black bar) is considered as 100%. ( a ) The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE. ( b ) The effects of ethanolic extracts (EE, twelve modified clones from EE1 to EE12) are shown. Control clone ethanolic extract is denoted as CEE. To emphasize extract action, a red horizontal line is added. The effect of 80% ethanol (a solvent of ethanolic extracts, a violet bar) is also shown. White bars indicate the extract concentrations in ng/mL, whereas grey bars indicate the extract concentrations in µg/mL. Red arrows indicate the concentration of water extract (100 µg/mL) that was selected for further analysis based on the stimulatory effect on the metabolic activity of the majority of modified clone water extracts used. Bars indicate SD, n = 5, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 compared to the control (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Activity Assay, MTT Assay, Control, Modification, Clone Assay, Solvent, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-mediated changes in metabolic activity (MTT assay) of normal human keratinocytes (HEK). Metabolic activity at standard growth conditions (control, a black bar) is considered as 100%. ( a ) The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12, white bars) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE. ( b ) The effects of ethanolic extracts (EE, twelve modified clones from EE1 to EE12, white bars) are shown. Control clone ethanolic extract is denoted as CEE. To emphasize extract action, a red horizontal line is added. The effect of water (a blue bar) and 80% ethanol (a violet bar) (solvents used) is also shown. Red arrow indicates the concentration of water extract (100 µg/mL) that was selected for further analysis based on the stimulatory effect on the metabolic activity of BJ cells of the majority of modified clone water extracts used. Bars indicate SD, n = 5, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 compared to the control (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Activity Assay, MTT Assay, Control, Modification, Clone Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-mediated changes in cell proliferation of BJ cells (( a ), 100 µg/mL water extracts; ( b ), 100 µg/mL ethanolic extracts) and HEK cells (( c ), 100 µg/mL water extracts; ( d ), 1 µg/mL ethanolic extracts). ( a , c ) The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE. ( b , d ) The effects of ethanolic extracts (EE, twelve modified clones from EE1 to EE12) are shown. Control clone ethanolic extract is denoted as CEE. Cell proliferation was assayed using a Muse ® Cell Analyzer and a Muse ® Ki67 Proliferation Kit. Representative histograms are presented (BJ cells). A negative control without incubation with Ki67 specific antibody is denoted as a grey histogram in each analyzed sample. Bars indicate SD, n = 3. * p < 0.05 compared to the control (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Modification, Clone Assay, Control, Negative Control, Incubation

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-induced apoptosis in BJ cells (( a ) 100 µg/mL water extracts) and HEK cells (( b ) 1 µg/mL ethanolic extracts). ( a ) The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE. ( b ) The effects of ethanolic extracts (EE, twelve modified clones from EE1 to EE12) are shown. Control clone ethanolic extract is denoted as CEE. Phosphatidylserine externalization was analyzed using a Muse ® Cell Analyzer and a Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay Kit. Representative dot-plots are shown. Bars indicate SD, n = 3. ** p < 0.01 compared to the control (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Modification, Clone Assay, Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-mediated changes in the levels of nitric oxide in BJ cells (100 µg/mL water extracts). The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE. Nitric oxide levels were measured using a Muse ® Cell Analyzer and a Muse ® Nitric Oxide Kit. Representative dot-plots are presented. Bars indicate SD, n = 3. *** p < 0.001 compared to the control (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Modification, Clone Assay, Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Treatment with Modified Extracts of the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Attenuates the Development of Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Skin Cells

doi: 10.3390/nu12041005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Extract-mediated changes in the levels of hydrogen peroxide-induced senescent BJ cells (( a ), 100 µg/mL water extracts and 100 µg/mL ethanolic extracts) and HEK cells (( b ), 100 µg/mL water extracts and 1 µg/mL ethanolic extracts). The effects of water extracts (WE, twelve modified clones from WE1 to WE12) and ethanolic extracts (EE, twelve modified clones from EE1 to EE12) are shown. Control clone water extract is denoted as CWE and control clone ethanolic extract is denoted as CEE. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Representative microphotographs are shown. Scale bars 100 μm, objective 20x. To emphasize extract action, a red horizontal line is added. Bars indicate SD, n = 3, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 compared to hydrogen peroxide treatment (ANOVA and Dunnett’s a posteriori test).

Article Snippet: Statistical significance was assessed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GraphPad Prism 5 and with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.

Techniques: Modification, Clone Assay, Control, Activity Assay